Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Running public service organizations that is used in government and public service institutions and agencies, at both sub-national and national levels is a major area of research in public policy in the era of globalization. Thus, the aim of this paper is to probe relationships between new public management and the process of globalization. It argues that the emergence of NPM is the consequence of parallel processes that could be summarized under the rubric of globalization. The core of these developments could be seen the victory of economics over politics, the introduction of market forces and flexibility into the public sector, and decentralization. Having discussed NPM practically and conceptually the paper concludes that structuration is a useful method of analyzing the interaction between globalization and the implementation of NPM, by assuming that there is a persistent process of interaction between structure and agent and that structures themselves ever-changing.

Majority of the Nigerian population lives in rural area, where agriculture is the mainstay. Nigerian rural areas are the most neglected and its people, the most deprived with regard to the provision of modern health care services. Besides, they lack other basic infrastructural necessary for the maintenance and promotion of good health. The implication is that rural dwellers are subjected to high incidence of morbidity and mortality resulting from the incidence of preventable and infectious disease. Knowledge about health care seeking behavior is very crucial in health care policies formulation, early diagnosis, effective treatment and implementation of appropriate interventions in the rural areas where productive tasks are labor-intensive. In order to build a responsive health system in the rural areas, there is need to understand the health seeking behaviors on the demand side and that is the only way to expect improved health outcomes. This paper explores the factors influencing health-seeking behavior of rural areas in Nigeria and its implication on rural livelihood.

The aim of this study was to propose a model for human resource training at the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This research is practical from the objective point of view and it is complex (the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods) from nature perspective. The statistical population in the qualitative sector, including the experts of the Ministry of Sports, was knowledgeable and dominated by the research subject, was n = 14, and in the quantitative section, include all employees and managers (formal, subcontractors and contractors) employed at the Ministry of Sport and Youth were n = 360. To determine the samples in the qualitative section, a purposeful sampling method used and in the quantitative part, a random sampling method including cluster sampling and consolidating sampling used. Data were collected using interviews and questionnaire with Likert five-point range. Cronbach's alpha coefficient a = 0.85 used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. To analyze the data in the qualitative section, open, axial and selective coding used. In quantitative part, the exploratory factor analysis, single sample t and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) used. The findings in the qualitative section showed that 1- The effective dimensions of human resources education in the Ministry of Sports and Youth include three dimensions of structural, behavioral and tertiary. 2- In the quantitative section, thirteen components (laws and regulations, need-assessment, financial and budgetary systems, physical facilities, flexibility, motivation, feedback, quality of training, satisfaction of goals and content, evaluation methods, Organizational culture, technology, incentive and supportive system) and 57 indicators identified as factors affecting human resource training in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, with a total effect of 84.3%. 3- A model based on philosophy and objectives, theoretical foundations, dimensions, components and indicators for human resource education showed. Finally, the utility and degree of fitness of the model considered appropriate in terms of fitness and experts 95% confirmed.

One of the variables that can be effective in reducing social problems, including alienation, is social capital. Because each of its components, such as trust, participation and group bounds, can lead to greater integration and, consequently, social order. Hence, due to the importance of the subject, the sociological explanation of the impact of social capital on forms of alienation has been discussed. The research method was survey and data collection tecknique was a questionnaire. The statistical population includes the adult residents of Tehran. Of this population, 384 persons have been selected. The alienation forms were adapted form seaman’s theory of alienation dimensions, namely, powerlessness, normlessness, meaninglessness, isolation and estrangement. In this study alienation forms through the theory of Seeman have been investigated in five dimensions: feeling of powerlessness, feeling of meaninglessness, feeling of normlessness, feeling of social isolation, and feeling of estrangement. Social capital was also studied in three dimensions of social trust, social participation and group bounds. The results of the research showed that among the components of social capital, the average of social trust was lower than other components. There was a significant and reverse correlation between social capital and all forms of alienation. And the greatest correlation between social capital and social isolation was shown. Also, there was a significant relationship between the contextual variables and economic activity, ethnicity and residential area and alienation forms.

This study designed to give us a better understanding of the experiences and mechanism of the Government intervention in tourism industry development in Iran. This study is mainly focused on the government relations With local community According to their acceptance or disagreement with tourism development project in their region. Having used Phenomenology Strategy in order to understand the existing experiences of the local people from ethno-development point of view, as well as the factors contributing to a successful intervention, a series of semi-structured interviews ,and focus groups discussions conducted with managers and local communities, as local actors, involved in the development plan. After that, a number of categorized themes were extracted From the data analysis. The research findings reveal that state- managed interventional development not only was not approved and supported by local community but also it was bitterly opposed and caused some tension among the dwellers as state intervention set up and its top- down manner dose not account for the local dwellers real needs and wishes. This issue provoked a conflict between the government’s benefits on the one hand and local community on the other hand. Hence ideal intervention for local community asks for collaboration and responsible measures on behalf of all stakeholders including government, local community members, and tourists. This process as well realizes the local actor’s key role in supervision, cooperation and management through local councils and association, as well as interface organization. As any attempt on the state side can come to a total failure and will leave counter effective results. It also can be costly for economy in case it is not Supposed by the local community.

This article tries to analyze the interaction between the implementation of a microfinance project in a rural area and the social and cultural infrastructure prevailing in the project site. In 2000, 53 women in a small village in central Iran formed an association of beekeepers with the support of a developmental intervention promoting microfinance as a strategy for poverty alleviation. Because of its initial success the association attracted national and international donors. Internal and external tensions, however, led the association to break up in 2010. After breaking up, they came together based on new smaller groups after two years; but in 2016 just a few of them were making money. My questions are these: What were the socio-cultural conditions that made it difficult for these women to continue working as a team? Why only a few of them are making money in final situation? Employing a mixed method, this paper attempts to answer these questions. Observation showed that two basic attributes, age and education of the association’s members, polarized the members into two categories, intensifying growing mistrust among the members of the association. Additionally, the diminishing trust among the members was exacerbated by the unintended consequences of different stakeholders’ and donors’ treatment of the association’s members. A combination of these factors led to the break-up of the association into five smaller groups after ten years.

Prosperity Theology is the teaching that believers have a right to the blessings of health and wealth and that they can obtain these blessings through positive confessions of faith and the “sowing of seeds” through the faithful payment of tithes and offerings. However, the literature reveals that most adherents to the prosperity gospel are not prospering financially and prosperity preachers have been accused of feeding fat from the donations of church members. Even at that, millions of persons still cling to the prosperity gospel. Employing Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, a survey of 300 respondents was carried out aimed at examining the proposition that poverty and illiteracy are factors encouraging continuous adherence to the theology of prosperity. It also examined the accusation that prosperity preachers’ wealth is largely dependent on their congregants’ donations. The study reveals that poverty and illiteracy are associated with continuous adherence to the prosperity gospel. It also indicates that prosperity preachers usually enrich themselves largely from the donations of their congregants. Practical recommendations were thereafter submitted on how the problems gleaned from the study could be ameliorated.